I am really glad I crowd-sourced this problem! I believe the mystery of the middle word is now solved. Thank you, father in law of my sister (what is that relationship called!?). Thank you also to Yvette Hoitink, of Dutch Genealogy (a really great blog! Go Czech it out!).
It appears that the middle word is actually “Vatters”.
So the entire phrase would be, “nachdem Vatters todtgebohren.” Or, in other words, “after the father’s death born.”
A quick trip to the Trojanovice death records confirmed that this was true. If Johann Schalbatura was christened and then died, surely he would be in the burial records. Many, many stillborn children are in the burial records. I do not know if all of them are there, but I think it is highly likely that if he were baptized and given a name, and died around the time of his birth, then there would be an entry for him there.
But there isn’t.
Johann Schablatura’s birth was on 26 September 1791. Here is a link to the Trojanovice births for September 1791:
http://vademecum.archives.cz/vademecum/permalink?xid=be85eec4-f13c-102f-8255-0050568c0263&scan=67
You can see that there is no Johann Schablatura listed.
There is a Marina wife of Franz Schablatura entry on 1 September. This is certainly a relative. Probably an aunt. We shall see.
One page back, we find the death of Joann Schablatura of #192 Trojanovice, age 36, on 13 March 1791. He never lived to see his son.
http://vademecum.archives.cz/vademecum/permalink?xid=be85eec4-f13c-102f-8255-0050568c0263&scan=66
Why did the enumerator include this information in his son’s birth record? Was it perhaps to excuse or explain the fact that the child was now fatherless? To set him apart from the others who were illegitimate? In any case, I’m glad this is now solved!
Yvette was able to correct my mistake of combining the words “herb lieben” to actually be “her blieben.” This second combination creates a phrase that means, “the remaining” – or, “the left behind.” Which, as we have proved above by finding Joann Schablatura’s death, his wife really was “left behind.”
Ahhh!!! Hooray!
"Vatters," of course! The whole record makes sense now. Glad I could help!